The age of ebooks may be here at last due to the interest generated by amazon.com's Kindle ebook reading device and their support for the iPhone and iPod Touch. A lot has changed since I wrote the first version of this Web page less than two years ago, and some of the things I say here in March, 2009, will soon be outdated. To keep up on new developments that are comming fast, go to Teleread: Bring the E-Books Home or go to blogs such as MobileRead News.
An ebook is a digital computer file containing a book that can be downloaded from the Internet to a computer or directly to an ebook reading device, which may also sometimes be referred to as an ebook.
Ebooks are an important breakthrough in the history of the book. They can be published and sold at a much lower cost than paper books (not always reflected in the ebook prices), there are no returns to the publisher, they are instantly procurable without shipping costs, they can be easily updated or corrected by the author, and they don't go out of print.
Many claim that reading an ebook is not as satisfying as holding and reading a paper book. Not me. I would rather hold an ebook device because they are lighter than hardcover books and easier to handle. You read on a single screen, whereas with a book one must open it, which doubles its width making it harder to hold and it may not stay open to your page. On a device you go to the next page with a click or touch instead of turning it over to the other side. I like the portability of the devices. Some such as the Kindle are handbag portable and some such as the iPhone are shirt pocket portable. You carry with you not one book but your whole ebook library.
I prefer to read a book on a device such as Kindle or iPhone especially because one can change the font size and in some cases the style and because one can search for words or phrases. How many times have you paged through a book trying to find something you read? Also, many devices have a built in dictionary.
I like multipurpose devices like the iPhone/iPod Touch with WiFi because in addition to reading a book one may be able to make a phone call, send and read email, listen to music or an audio book, play games, organize your schedule with a calendar, make an arithmetic calculation, record a note, look at a map and with WiFi find your location or find a restaurant or whatever, and surf the Internet using WiFi. (WiFi availability is spreading rapidly. For eample, the Meraki company has a goal of providing free WiFi to everyone in San Francisco, and they are now serving about 150,000 people out of the population of 860,000. See Meraki teams with San Francisco for free Wi-Fi. For a nation-wide directory of free WiFi spots go to Wi-Fi-FreeSpot Directory . Also see WiFi FreeSpot FAQs.) These devices are backlit so they can be used to read in poor or no light. I have never had a problem with eye strain in reading for an hour or two. I do turn down the intensity of the back light.
With some devices you can have ebooks downloaded directly to your device--no waiting for days or searching bookstores for your book, which I really dislike doing. Ebooks don't take up space, get dog-eared or damaged, or become smelly. They are also easier on the environment because no trees are cut, no smelly paper mill is required, and there is no disposal problem. No printing plant is needed, and there is no trucking. The devices can also do many of the things you do with books. You can bookmark, underline, or annotate the text. Does the ebook looks like the wave of the future or what?
eBook Formats
You need three things to read ebooks: (1) hardware, which is the computer, PDA, or dedicated device to download and display the ebook contents, (2) reader, which is the software that tells the hardware how to display the text. (To confuse matters, the hardware device is often called a reader.), and (3) ebooks, which are the digitized books. The ebook format must be compatible with the reader, and the reader must be compatible with the hardware operating system.
This is not as complicated as it may sound. To read a basic plain-text or ASCI file, all that is needed is a text editor like WordPad, which is included with the MS operating system, or a word processor. To read an HTML file, your browser is all that is needed. To read ebooks in proprietary formats, it is necessary to download compatible reader software unless it is already installed in the reading device as it is in Kindle and other dedicated devices.
Important readers, which come in different versions for different platforms (almost all have versions for Windows PCs), are as follows:
- Adobe Reader, which reads PDF, is a very common format for online books and documents and most people have one version on their desktop computer--other versions are available for PDAs; ebook sellers using this format: efollet.com, Fictionwise (& eBookwise), Powells.com, eBooks.com, booksonboard.com, Diesel ebooks
- eReader: This software now comes in versions to support iPhone, iPod touch, BlackBerry, Palm OS, PocketPC, Windows Mobile Smartphone, Symbian, Windows, Macintosh, and OQO. It has auto-scroo, which is good for reading on small screens. ebook sellers: Palm eBookstore, efollet.com, eBooks.com, Powells.com, eBookimpressions.com, booksonboard.com, Diesel eBooks. eReader supports landscape reading, multiple font styles and sizes, table of contents, footnotes, sidebars, dictionary integration and other advanced featuress).
- Kindle for iPhone 1.0. This makes it possible to read Kindle books on an iPhone or iPod Touch.
- Stanza: This popular reader works on the iPhone and iPod Touch. Available from the iTunes App Store.
- Microsoft Reader: Formats supported: LIT; Devices: computers, PDAs; ebook sellers: efollet.com, Fictionwise, Powells.com, eBooks.com, ebookimpressions.com, booksonboard.com, Diesel eBooks
- BeamItDown iFlow Reader for iPhone/iPod scrolls the text down at a speed controlled by slightly tilting the device. It comes with a 100 classic ebooks. Available from the iTunes App Store.
- iphonetextreader allows you to read large Text (.txt,.text), eReader/Peanut Press (.pdb), Rich Text Format (.rtf), Palm Doc (.pdb), Mobipocket (.pdb,.prc,.mobi), Plucker (.pdb), HTML (.htm,.html), CHM (.chm), and Fiction Book (.fb2) files.
- Mobipocket Reader: Formats supported: PRC, Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and RTF files; Devices: PCs, PDAs, smartphones now including Blackberry, and at least one dedicated reading device (It is a "umniversal reader" in that it can be used on all handheld computers and some other devices.); ebook sellers: Mobipocket Bookstore, Fictionwise, CyberRead, eBookMall, Franklin, eBookimpressions, boksonboard.com.
- eBook Library: Formats supported: Sony's reader; Devices: Sony's Reader Digital Book
- µBook and µBookLite (pronounced microreader): Formats supported: HTML, TXT, RTF, PDB and PRC (not secure) ebook files and BMP, GIF, PNG and JPG images. It "can read directly from inside ZIP files." It offers many customization options including: Portrait and Landscape display, choice of font type, color and size, etc." Devices: Those using Windows and Mobile PC (Windows CE 3.0+). (µBookLite supports Palm OS (3.5+). For a review go to µBook Software. µBook sells for $15.
- FBReader: Formats supported: HTML, plain text, nonDRMed Mobipoocket, RTF, FictionBook 2, Plucker, PalmDoc, and others; Devices supported" Linux desktop computer, Windows XP computer, Nokia 770/N800/N810) Internet Tablets, and others. See FBReader: Ten easy tips for e-book users who want to switch to a Linux handheld
- iSilo is a document reader for iPhone/iPod touch, Palm OS®, Pocket PC, Windows Mobile Smartphone, BlackBerry®, Symbian UIQ 3, Symbian UIQ, Symbian S60 3rd Edition, Symbian Series 60, Symbian Series 80, and Windows® CE Handheld PC handhelds, as well as for Windows® computers. See .
- BookShelf from Baen Books is an ebook reader for the iPhone and iPod Touch.
To illustrate the format issue, here is the wide variety of formats for ebooks offered by Fictionwise:
- MultiFormat: Unencrypted eBooks that are available in a variety of formats for handheld devices and computers. When you purchase a MultiFormat eBook, you can download it in any or all of these formats:
- Kindle (.MOBI)
- eReader (PDB)
- Adobe Acrobat (PDF) for Macintosh and PCs
- Palm DOC (PDB) for Palm compatible devices
- Isilo (PDB) for Palm compatible devices
- Microsoft Reader (LIT) for PC and PocketPC devices
- Franklin eBookman (FUB) for Franklin eBookMan devices
- Hiebook (KML) for Hiebook devices
- Mobipocket (PRC) (currently available for Palm, PocketPC, Franklin eBookman devices, and Symbian-enabled cell phones)
- Rocket/REB (RB) for Rocket and REB/1100
- Sony Reader (LRF)
- OEBFF Full VGA (.IMP)
- OEBFF Half VGA (.IMP)
- Secure Mobipocket Format: eBooks that are available in encrypted Mobipocket format
- Secure Microsoft Reader Format: eBooks that are available in encrypted Microsoft Reader format
- Secure Adobe Reader 7.0 Format: eBooks that are available in encrypted Adobe Reader 7.0 format
- Secure eReader Format: eBooks that are available in encrypted eReader format
Toward the goal of a universal, standard format, IDPF (International Digital Publishing Forum) has developed the new .ePub standard. It will be interesting to see to what extent it will be adopted by publishers. The big guns with proprietary formats are not likely to support it although Sony and Adobe are on board. Google has made half a million public-domain books available in the .ePub format to the Sony ebook reading device.
Major Free eBook Distributors
Here are places to look free books on the Web:
Major Commercial eBook Sellers
Here are some ebook sellers:
- Kindle Store For info on Kindle books for iPhone see Kindle books for iPhones. Also see First Look video: Kindle for iPhone.
- Fictionwise (fiction and nonfiction) Its eBooks may be read on Kindle, Sony Reader, iPhone, iPod, and manyh other handheld devices. Fictionwise has been purchased by Barnes & Noble and many changes are in the works, so stay tuned.
- eBookwise with OEBFF Format (IMP)
- Mobipocket Bookstore with Mobipocket format
- Microsoft Reader, which is a good "directory" affiliated with other distributors who sell the books in various formats
- Diesel eBooks with several formats
- eReader.com with eReader format.
- eBooks.com with Adobe, Mobipocket, and Microsoft formats
- Connect (Sony) with eBook Library software format
- BooksOnBoard.com with various formats
- eBookMall with Microsoft, Adobe, Mobipocket, and Palm formats
- ereadable with Adobe, Microsoft, and Palm formats
- CyberRead with Mobipocket format
- BookLocker with Adobe format
- Powell's Books with Palm, Adobe, and Microsoft formats
- EbooksLib with various formats
- BooksOnBoard.com with various formats
- Book Locker with PDF format
- Kindle Store, which is the ebook part of the amazon.com "store." I haven't found any ebook editions that are not Kindle editions.
- MemoWare PDA Bookstore with various formats.
- WebScription.net (Baen Books) now supporting both the Kinlde device and the iPhone/iPod.
- ScrollMotion packages e-books with their Iceberg reader software and sell these freestanding apps through iTunes for iPhones and iPod tough devices.
Here are some publishers who sell ebooks directly:
- Simon & Schuster with Adobe and Palm formats
- Pan Macmillan with Adobe, Microsoft, and Mobipocket formats
- Penguin Group with eReader, Adobe, and Microsoft Reader formats
- HarperCollins ebooks with Mobipocket, Microsoft, and Adobe formats
- Random House, Inc.
- RosettaBooks is an electronic publisher with Kindle, Sony Reader, Microsoft Reader, Adobe Acrobat eBook Reader, Palm Digital, and MobiPocket formats.
Here are some ebook directories:
For a good discussion of ebook pricing go to What Price Ebooks?.
Audiobooks
Audiobooks are of interest here because many come in the MP-3 format, so you can listen to them on your MP-3 player such as the iPod/iPhone or Zune. We're talking here about recordings made by human readers rather than computer generated speech as in the case of Kindle.
Here are some sources of audio books:
Audiobooks,iTunes and
Audio Books For Your iPod(audible.com), which is a "book club" selling memberships and has been acquired by amazon.com.
For guides to free audiobooks go to Free Audio Books and The Best Sites for Free Audio Books.
For sites offering fre audiobooks go to AudioBooksForFree.com, LibriVox, LiteralSystems.org, BooksShouldBeFree.com, LearnOutLoud.com, and Open Culture.
If you want to learn a foreign language while you are driving or exercising or whatever, go to Pimsleur Language Learning .

eBook Reading Devices
Since an ebook is simply a computer file, we need an digital device of some kind with a screen to display the ebook content. Here are choices of hardware to read ebooks:
- Dedicated, single-purpose ebook reading devices: They have larger screens than the PDAs, and the newer ones may have the e-Ink technology, which gives the screen a grayish paper-like quality. These devices are handbag portable but not shirt pocket portable. Although most are pricey, they don't organize, compute, call, or snap photos. Also, they are all more limited in the formats supported. It appears that within the next year there will be several more dedicated devices, and the prices are likely to come down. Here are four dedicated devices that are well established:
- Computers: They have the important advantage that they can be used to download and read ebooks in many formats without having to upload to another reading device. The screens are relatively large and backlit so that no reading light is needed to have a well-lit page, and it stays upright without being held. Computers are especially desirable for the sight-impaired.
- Desktop computers: Some people don't like to read on a desktop computer, but I wonder if they have ever given it a fair chance. I have a 19" widescreen flat panel monitor, and I find that I can read comfortably on it for as long as I would watch televison. One ebook reader permits me to increase the font size, the line spacing, and margins to accommodate my cataracts and permits me to change the background color to yellow. I have a comfortable chair in which I can sit back and relax and read without my glasses. True, I can't "curl up" with the desktop computer, but for me it's a good ebook reading device now that I have figured out how to best use it.
- Laptop computers: The new bright screen units provide excellent performance. They have the advantage of being portable but not "pocket portable." I can recline in my easy chair, park my feet on the edge of my footstool, put the laptop on a pillow in my lap, and read comfortably for a couple of hours. Or I can sit on the couch and read even though there is no reading lamp by it. I can even read in bed with lights out. I put on my prism glasses or Angled Glasses (Bed Spectacles), put the laptop on my tummy, and put my head on my pillow without propping it up. Laptops are getting very affordable. I would look for sales and rebate deals offering a laptop with a 15.4-in screen for no more than $300.
- Handheld devices or PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant): They are "pocket portable," and they are versatile in two ways. Most of them are organizers and the more pricey units do other jobs as well. They can support more than one proprietary format and other formats. Although the screens are small, that isn't as much of a problem as one might imagine. The process of downloading to these devices by synchronizing with a PC can be a bit tricky.
- Personal organizers: These PDAs typically have an appointment calendar, a to-do list, a contact list, and a note-writing program. An example is the Palm Z22, which comes with eReader on the software installation CD that can be installed as an option. (See device on the left in above image.) Its screen size is small (1.7 x 1.7 inches), and the text is small with relatively low resolution. However, the backlit screen (with adjustable brightness) and the bold font makes it very easy for me to read the text with my reading glasses. The small screen can display a surprising amount of text (13 lines of text compared with 15 lines on my pocket PC). I especially like it for reading in bed with the lights out and for reading on the go. It's a feather-weight (about the size and weight of a deck of cards) and feels good in the hand. I don't know how long the battery will last (not removable by user), but I suspect that it will be long lasting if it is faithfully charged when the indicator first shows the need. To see what is involved in downloading, see How to Download eBooks to Read on a Palm Z22.
- Handheld computers: These enable you to take your desktop files as well as your ebooks with you. While you're waiting for something, you can read an ebook, make a note, or you can write a letter using Pocket Word to be printed later from your desktop. Here are the two types of handheld computers based on the two most popular operating systems:
- Pocket PC: Microsoft requires that for a device to be called a "Pocket PC" it must run MS Windows Mobile, PocketPC edition; come bundled with specific applications; touchscreen; directional pad or touchpad; set of hardware application buttons; and be based on a particular class of CPUs. They support somewhat fewer formats than a laptop, but they do support MS Reader, eReader, and Mobipocket formats. They are pricey, so I bought a "like new" Compaq IPAQ 3650 with a 2.26 by 3.02 inch side-lit color screen. (See device in the middle in above image.) The unit turned out to have a stone-dead battery and is "not user-serviceable," but I replaced the battery following instructions that came with the battery. Then I found that it has the MS Pocket PC 2000 OS, and it needs to be at least 2002. (The Dell Axim X5 has the 2002 OS, and it has a removable battery.)
- Handheld computers using the Palm OS: Examples are the Palm TX Handheld and the Palm Tungsten E2 Handheld.
- Internet Tablet PC: Examples are the Nokia 810 {See Nokia N810 Internet Tablet PC which has an excellent 4.1-inch LCD touch screen with full-screen keyboard and a wide variety of multimedia playback features. It has the open source Maemo (Nokia's brand of embedded Linux) and supports FBReader. To check out the use of FBReader on the Nokia 800 go to Nokia 800 as an eBook Reader Using FBReader. Also see The Nokia N800 as an e-book reader Dimensions: 5.7 x 2.95 x 0.5 inches
- MP3 players: See the iPod Touch below.
- Smartphones: A big deal for the Apple iPhone and the iPod Touch owners was the move by amazon.com to make the Kindle for iPhone app available to them for free through Apple's App Store. They can now read all of the quarter of a million Kindle books in addition to the vast number of other ebooks available to them. To see a demonstration, go to Kindle App for the iPhone/iPod Touch. Stanza from LifeStyle is another exciting ebook reading app free from Apple's App Store. To check it out go to Free Software Turns the iPhone Into an E-Book Reader.
The iPod Touch, called "the iPhone without the phone," is a good alternative for those of us that don't want to sign a two-year contract for cell phone service. It has WiFi and can be used to surf the Internet. The iPhone/iPod will support plain text, PDF, ePub, iSilo document reader, Palm Doc, eReader, MobiPocket reader, and Stanza reader as well as the Kindle for iPhone reader. The Google Book Search Project making available more than 1.5 million digitized books to Apple iPhone and T-Mobile G1 users. Therefore, the iPhone/iPod Touch devices have far more books available to them than the Kindle. Forbes has reported that the iPhone has become the country's top ebook reader and this was before Kindle books could be read. If you like the idea of the Touch as an ebook reding device, what if the screen were 7 or 9 inches? It may or may not be forthcoming, but it is in the rumor mill. See Large Form iPod Touch To Launch in Fall ‘09.
Mobipocket Reader and eReader support smartphones using the Palm OS or Windows Mobile. Examples are the Palm Treo and the BlackBerry Pearl. For reading ebooks on a Blackberry go to Mobipocket Reader for Blackberry.
Downloading eBooks
For lengthy and detailed instructions for downloading readers and ebooks go to Simple-to-follow instructions for the computer novice on how to download E-Texts and E-Books to your PC.
Different distributors sell ebooks in different formats, and they may have different procedures for downloading their books. So our first step is to understand the requirements of our reading device. Then we should carefully read the instructions given by the ebook distributor for downloading. Fictionwise has excellent instructions for downloading and installing different readers (the material is a bit old). Go to Fictionwise Support.
Downloading ".txt" File eBook
To download to my computer a free plain text ebook by Charles Darwin, I went to the Project Gutenberg Online Book Catalog to look for Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. I downloaded the zipped version. I had already installed the automated version of WinZip on my computer and unzipped the book, and then I followed these steps:
- I opened the ebook in WordPad. (I could have opened it in my browser, but I couldn't bold the text to make it easier for me to read since my vision is somewhat impaired by cataracts. I also could have opened it in a word processor, but I prefer WordPad because it doesn't have pagination so there are no gaps between pages. Using a word processor has the advantage, however, that you can save your preferred font preferences.)
- I enhanced the font. I clicked Ctrl-A to select the text, then Format, and Font. I kept the Courier New font, changed the serif font style to Bold, and increased the font Size to 15, which I can read easily without glasses and which is also the limit without lines being wrapped to a second line. I now often increase it to 23, and the second line is of equal length. I could also have changed the Font if I had preferred another such as a sans-serif font like Arial, which I read without bolding.
By using WordPad I can find words, chapter numbers, or markers by clicking Edit and Find. For example, I can mark where I finish reading by typing something like :: and saving the text. Then next time I can search for that marker to find my place and then delete it. I can also add notes and give them a marker if I like.
To cursor down the page, simply use the Page Down key.
Downloading ".pdf" File eBook
Before choosing a book in the PDF format, I downloaded the Acrobat Reader 8.1.0.
I went to KSL Digital Book Collection and searched for A Fleece of Gold by Charles Stewart given in PDF format. The book is a scan of the original book, and it opened with a "magnification" of 284%, which gave a font size that is very easy for me to read without glasses. To cursor down, I clicked the Page Down key. (Sometimes I had to push Esc when first using the Page Down key.) The book opened in my browser, so to save it, I went to My Documents folder and saved it in my "ebooks" folder.
Downloading ".html" File eBook
I opened the The University of Adelaide Library and clicked the Alphabetical list of Authors and chose Charles Darwin and selected The Descent of Man, where I had the choice of "read" or "download." It is formatted in .html, and the text appears in a very good font for me to read in my browser. I use the Mozilla Firefox browser, so to change the font size, I only needed to press Ctrl- or Ctrl+. The pages have wide enough margins so that I can increase font size substantially, but the lines will run off the screen with very large font sizes.
Downloading ".mobi" File eBook
I opened Mobipocket and downloaded Mobipocket Reader Desktop 6.2. It suggested "Save to disk" and I clicked OK. A file appeared in Desktop file called "mobipocketreadersetup.msi," which I right-clicked and chose
install." The Windows Installer Package took over and suggested installing in the Program File.
Then I went back to the Mobipocket page first mentioned and cursored down the left side to Free Downloads and clicked Download free eBooks. I found Aesop's Fables and clicked Download Book. It asked, Open with Mobipocket?" OK. Title page of my book appeared. I clicked the + icon at the top of the page to increase font size. I clicked the A- icon and chose a background color, a line-spacing of 1.25, and Extra Large margin. The arrows in right margin are page down arrows. The ones in the left margin are page up arrows. I use the Pasge Down key. One can add a bookmark or a note.
Downloading Other Proprietary Readers and eBooks to Various Platforms
For information on downloading Microsoft Reader go to Downloads.
For an excellent page on eReader including information on downloading, go to FAQ.
To download Mobipocket Reader and ebooks to your desktop and to another device, go to Mobipocket Reader Desktop 6.2.
The Bottom Line
Even though the situation in ebook land is maddening, it's time to check it out. There are a lot of ebooks available (in several formats, unfortunately), and if you have a computer or a PDA, you have a device that can read them.
The pricey Kindle provides a super-easy way to select, order, and download ebooks; however, downloading to your computer and then to another device is not much more difficult once one gets the hang of it.
The ability to put Kindle books on an iPhone or iPod Touch is a game changer. If you already have an iPhone or iPod Touch, you have a powerful reading device and a very large and growing number of ebooks available to read. Some people may prefer the Kindle screen and the ease of ordering ebooks, but they may not feel like spending about $400 for the privilege especially if they have an iPhone or iPod Touch or plan to buy one.
All of you bookworms take note. The ebook reading device market has become exciting, and more developments will be coming rapidly. So, stay tuned.
Your feedback will be welcome. Please send an e-mail message to me, Bob Parvin: bandcparvinXhotmail.com (Substitute @ for X. I'm trying to hide my address from spammers.)
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