Notes on Postmodern Architecture
Tom Hicks
primary source is Powell.
In modernist Architecture, function dictates form. It is genometry
with no frills. Beauty is in the fact that the geometry in the building
reflects the
"natural laws".... no-ornamentation. Just cubes and triangles.
The manifesto
of this era is "Towards a New Architecture"
(1927) by LeCorbusier (1887-1965)
who is famous for saying "Nevermore" - ... Never any more garlands,
exquisite ovals, budoirs embellished with poofs of gold... no more
stiffling elegancies.... This became known as International Style
It celebrated
the "rational" in creations that should exhibit a grandeur of a mathamatical
order... for in turning to mathamatical calculations it would reveal
universal law - the principles that govern the universe.... these designs
should be intelligent, cold and calm.... pure creations of the mind
in
harmony with natural laws."
By the 1950's International Style was dominating....but what it all
boiled down to was cityscapes full of concrete and glass boxes... perfectly
geometrical and perfectly alienating of humaness. Pomo architecture began
showing up in the 60's but the first book to thematasize pomo architecture
was by Charles Jencks "The Language of Postmodern
Architecture" (1977/1991).
Here is Jencks quoting Humberto Eco:
The postmodern reply to the modern consists of recognizing that the
past, since it cannot really be destroyed, because its destruction leads
to silence, must be revisitied; but with irony, not innocently. I
think of the postmodern attitude as that of a man who loves a very cultivated
woman and knows he cannot say to her, 'I love you madly', because he knows
that she knows (and that she knows that he knows) that these words have
already been written by Barbara Cartland. Still, there is a solution.
He can say, "As Barbara Cartland would put it, 'I love you madly'.
At this point, having avoided false innocence, having said clearly that
it is no longer possible to speak innocently, he will nevertheless have
said what he wanted to say to the woman: the 'he loves her madly', but
he loves her in an age of lost innocence. If the woman goes along
with this, she will have recieved a declaration of love all the same.
Neither of the two speakers will feel innocent, both will have accepted
the challenge of the past, of the already said, which cannot be eliminated;
both will consciously and with pleasure play the game of irony... But both
will have succeeded, once again, in speaking of love.
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What pomo architecture does is called by Jencks "double coding."
For Jencks builidings signify. They can be read like a book.
When a building has double coding (says two or more things simultaneously
that are contradictory, and even mocks or refers back to itself paradoxically)
then this is pomo architecture.
An excellent example is the AT&T building. It is a sky-scraper
in the
shape of a grand-father clock. The building connects with us
in a familiar way
instead of being just a "glass and steel box".... the buiding also
says
grandfather clock. There is double coding however through the
juxtapostion
of styles.... grandfather clock and moderninst skyscaper - so that
irony,
ambiguity, and contradiction emerge.... this architecture says
"both/and". By combining the contemporary (skyscraper)
with the antique
(grandfather clock) and the functional/modernist (steel and glass
boxes)
and the decorative (a chippendale broken pediment) this building can
mean
many things all at once, and it is self-conscious of this, not innocent
in its self-signification (as Eco's lover). Nevertheless it is effective
in
communicating with us because of it's own ironic self acceptance of
all
that has come before it. And it is aware that there is "no center"
(after the
fall of grandnarratives )
and so why not fill it with a clock.
Eco, Umberto (1984). Postscript to the Name of the
Rose (New York and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984)
Jencks, Charles (1991).. The language of post-modern
architecture / Charles Jencks. 6th ed. London : Academy Editions,
1977 original edition.
Le Corbusier. (1927). Towards a new
architecture,. New York, Payson & Clarke, ltd.
Powell, Jim - Postmodernism for Beginners
(Writers and Readers Inc., 1998)
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